Educators' Guide for Pedagogy and Assessment
Click the icon below to download the Educators' Guide for Pedagogy and Assessment

Unit: 2. Architectural Drawing Techniques
Construction
Learning Outcome: 1. I can recognise the various types of technical drawings which are used in the construction and architecture process.


Types of architectural drawings:-Location drawings: e.g. block plans, site plans;
-General arrangement drawings: e.g. floor plans, elevations, sections;
-Assembly drawings;
-Component drawings;
-Projections: e.g. orthographic projection, axonometric projection, isometric projection;
-Preliminary drawings;
-Sketch drawings;
-Working drawings.


Purpose of each type:-Location drawings;
-General arrangement drawings;
-Assembly drawings;
-Component drawings;
-Projections;
-Preliminary drawings;
-Sketch drawings;
-Working drawings.


Specific Tasks e.g.:
-Site location in relation to MEPA Survey Maps scale 1:2500,
-Extent of the site without surrounding details scale 1:100,
-Layout of rooms including dimensions, standard symbols and levels scale 1:100,
-Outline of the building facade including opening details and sizes, level datums and floor position scale 1:50,
-Drawings of an object as though they were cut in order to expose the interior construction scale 1:100, 1:50, 1:20,
-Drawings showing how the building is to be erected on site scale 1:50, 1:20,
-Drawings showing individual works in an unfixed state scale 1:50, 1:20,
-Preliminary freehand drawings used as a reference to instruct drawing assistants and as a presentation to the client,
-Accurate drawings with dimensions and specifications used on site by the construction team scale 1:100, 1:50, 1:20.


Benefits: quality; accuracy; time; cost; electronic transfer of information; links with other software e.g. CAD/CAM, rendering software, animation software.


Other non-manual drawing tools: Computer-Aided Design (CAD): AutoCad; Sketchup; 3D Max; TurboCad.


Be able to do:
Basic drawing using the draw toolbar; edit drawings using the editing toolbar; manipulate views; save drawing data in an appropriate format.
Learning Outcome: 2. I am familiar and can select the appropriate drawing accessories, equipment and material used in technical drawings.

Manual drawing equipment: pens; pencils; scale rule; eraser and erasing shields; set squares; compasses; flexible curves; stencils; drawing boards; drafting tape.

Paper: detail paper; cartridge paper; tracing paper; paper sizes e.g.: A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,A5;
Media: pencil (HB, H, 2H); pen (0.2–0.25 mm and 0.4–0.5 mm) and ink.


A range of two-dimensional drawings must be produced and all shapes requested are to:-be drawn tidy and precise;
-be drawn using the adequate drawing tools;
-be drawn using appropriate pencil thicknesses;
-have all necessary information inputted correctly.
Learning Outcome: 3. I can produce architectural drawings with the appropriate standards, symbols and conventions.

Scales: e.g. 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:1250, 1:2500.


Standards and Conventions: Construction Drawing Practice; BS1192; scales; hatchings; lines; dimensions; annotation; title block.

Hatchings: brickwork; blockwork; reinforced concrete; fill; sand; tiles; rubble/gravel; stone; soil/earth; timber; wood; insulation.


The title block and border line is to:-be drawn tidy and precise;
-have adequate spacing in the title block and border;
-be drawn to appropriate scales;
-have appropriate pencil thicknesses;
-have all necessary information inputted correctly.


Drawings should include at least two floor plans, one front and one rear elevation, one section, one foundation detail and one roof detail and these are to:-be drawn tidy and precise;
-be technically accurate through the use of appropriate standards and conventions ;
-be drawn to appropriate scales and using the adequate drawing tools;
-be drawn using appropriate pencil thicknesses;
-have all necessary information,
-labelling, dimensioning and cross references inputted correctly.

Dimension line types, symbols and arrows: dimension lines; extension lines; leader lines; symbols and arrows e.g.: tick, oblique, closed, right angle.
Dimension Methods: e.g. modular, running, for coordination, for sizing work.

Title block: drawing title; drawing number; revision number; scale; date; drawn by; notes; logo.


Schedules and specifications: specification information; steel fabrication design data; reinforced concrete; bar bending schedules.

Report clear, accurate and valid information:-Dimensions;
-Quantities;
-Scales;
-Symbols and abbreviations.